| AVIAN INFLUENZA in CAMBODIA, CHINA, EGYPT, INDONESIA, VIETNAM
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| 09/04/2010 02:34 AM
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Sept '10- In Cambodia 10 cases and 8 deaths have been confirmed to date. In China 1 death has been confirmed so far this year. In Egypt the number of cases confirmed since the beginning of 2006 is 112, so far 36 have been fatal. In Indonesia 168 cases have been confirmed since the outbreak started in 2005, with 139 of them being fatal. In Vietnam 119 cases and 59 deaths have been confirmed to date. Avian influenza viruses do not normally infect humans. However, there have been instances of certain highly pathogenic strains causing severe respiratory disease in humans. In most cases, the people infected had been in close contact with infected poultry or with objects contaminated by their faeces.
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| CHIKUNGUNYA in GABON, INDONESIA, MADAGASCAR, MALAYSIA, MALDIVE ISLANDS, MYANMAR, REUNION ISLAND, SINGAPORE, THAILAND
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| 09/04/2010 02:34 AM
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Sept '10- Chikungunya occurs during the rainy season in parts of Africa, Southeast Asia, southern India, and Pakistan. This year increasing cases have been reported in Gabon, India, Indonesia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Reunion, Thailand & Vietnam. Chikungunya fever is a disease caused by a virus that is spread to people through the bite of infected mosquitoes. Symptoms can include sudden fever, joint pain with or without swelling, chills, headache, nausea, vomiting, lower back pain, and a rash. Travelers should use mosquito nets when sleeping and apply mosquito repellents.
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| CHOLERA in AFGHANISTAN, ANGOLA, BENIN, CAMEROON, CHAD, CHINA, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO, ETHIOPIA, INDIA, INDONESIA, IRAQ, KENYA, LAOS, MOZAMBIQUE, NAMIBIA, NEPAL, NIGER, NIGERIA, PAKISTAN, PAPUA NEW GUINEA, PHILIPPINES, SENEGAL, SOMALIA, SOUTH AFRICA, SUDAN, TANZANIA, THAILAND, UGANDA, UKRAINE, VIETNAM, ZAMBIA, ZIMBABWE
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| 09/04/2010 02:34 AM
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Sept '10- Cholera cases have been on the rise in various areas worldwide. Increasing cases and deaths have been reported this year in many African, Asian, European, Oceanic and Middle Eastern countries. Follow the food and water precautions covered in the travel consultation.
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| CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRHAGIC FEVER in AFGHANISTAN, KOSOVO, NAMIBIA, RUSSIA
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| 09/04/2010 02:34 AM
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Sept '10- In Afghanistan 7 cases have been confirmed so far this year. Kosovo has reported 4 deaths due to CCHF this year. In Namibia the first case of the disease, in 8 years, has been reported this year. In Rostov Russia 11 confirmed cases have been reported this year. In the oblast 25 cases have been confirmed. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever is transmitted to humans through infected ticks. Signs and symptoms of the disease include: sudden onset of high fever, headache, backache, and abdominal pain; small hemorrhages of the eyes; and a type of rash in the mouth and on the trunk of the body.
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| DENGUE FEVER in ARGENTINA, AUSTRALIA, BENIN, BOLIVIA, BRAZIL, BRUNEI, CAPE VERDE, CAMBODIA, COLOMBIA, COSTA RICA, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, EL SALVADOR, FRENCH GUIANA, GABON, GUADELOUPE, GUATEMALA, HONDURAS, INDIA, INDONESIA, JAMAICA, LAOS, MALAYSIA, MALDIVES, MARTINIQUE, MAYOTTE, MYANMAR, MEXICO, NEPAL, NICARAGUA, PANAMA, PARAGUAY, PERU, PHILIPPINES, PUERTO RICO, SAINT MARTIN, SAINT BARTHELEMY, SAUDI ARABIA, SRI LANKA, TAIWAN, TANZANIA, THAILAND, TRINIDAD & TOBAGO, USA, VIRGIN ISLANDS, VENEZUELA, VIETNAM, YEMEN
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| 09/04/2010 02:34 AM
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Sept '10- Dengue Fever cases have been on the rise worldwide. Increasing cases and deaths have been reported this year in South America, Central America, Africa, South East Asia, Caribbean, and the Middle East. Dengue fever causes the same symptoms as flu and other kinds of fever and then developing in critical conditions such as hemorrhage, vomiting, or faster heartbeats. Travelers going to areas where dengue is present should promptly seek medical care if illness occurs when they return home and inform their health care provider of their recent travel. Persons traveling to areas where dengue is endemic should use insect repellents, wear protective clothing, and reside in facilities with screens and air conditioning when available. No vaccine is available for preventing dengue infection.
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| EARTHQUAKE RELIEF in HAITI
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| 09/04/2010 02:34 AM
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Sept '10- Volunteers traveling to Haiti to help with earthquake relief efforts should be aware and properly protected against diseases that arise after a disaster. The potential new mass of displaced persons could create crowded, unsanitary conditions that facilitate the spread of contagious infections. Increased incidence of Tetanus, Diphtheria, Typhoid, Polio, Hepatitis A & B, Meningitis, Tuberculosis and Measles, Mumps, Rubella have been reported. People who do not have a clear history of having had their routine childhood immunizations are at risk for vaccine-preventable diseases that are uncommon in the United States, but common in Haiti. Haiti has the highest tuberculosis rate in the Americas, and health experts say it is about to drastically increase. In normal times, Haiti sees about 30,000 new cases of tuberculosis each year. Dengue Fever and Malaria are both endemic in Haiti. Most patients with malaria will present with fever, chills, and headache. Dengue, another mosquito-borne infection, presents with similar signs and symptoms as malaria, along with severe myalgias.
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| H1N1 in WORLDWIDE
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| 09/04/2010 02:34 AM
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Sept '10- WHO delcared the H1N1 pandemic over, and is now moving into the post-pandemic period. Considerable H1N1 activity has been reported recently in India, New Zealand, Australia and a few other places. However, worldwide Influenza activity has returned to typical seasonal patterns. Swine Influenza is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A Influenza Viruses. Travelers should receive an H1N1 vaccine, which is now included in the seasonal influenza vaccine.
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| HEPATITIS B in INDIA
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| 09/04/2010 02:34 AM
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Sept '10- In Gujarat India there were 92 deaths reported, most between 15 and 45 years old. In the Sabarkantha district cases climbed to 43 with the report of 5 new deaths. From Modesa town and nearby villages 6 new cases of hepatitis have been registered to date.
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| JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS in AUSTRALIA, BANGLADESH, CAMBODIA, CHINA, INDIA, INDONESIA, KOREA, LAOS, MALAYSIA, MYANMAR, NEPAL, PAPUA NEW GUINEA, PHILIPPINES, SINGAPORE, SRI LANKA, TAIWAN, THAILAND, VIETNAM
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| 09/04/2010 02:34 AM
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Sept '10- Japanese encephalitis is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia with 30-50,000 cases reported annually. In the Uttar Pradesh state of India there have been 219 deaths reported so far this year. In Nepal 3 deaths have been reported this year in the Kailali district. In Taiwan 14 cases have been reported this year. In Vietnam 120 cases have been reported this year. According the the CDC, countries which have had major epidemics in the past, but which have controlled the disease primarily by vaccination, include China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan and Thailand. Other countries that still have periodic epidemics include Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar, India, Nepal, and Malaysia. Travelers are encouraged to consider JE vaccination prior to travel and to use mosquito repellents containing DEET on exposed skin and Permethrin on outer clothing.
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| MALARIA in DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, GEORGIA, INDIA, INDONESIA, KENYA, MALAYSIA, PHILIPPINES, SOUTH AFRICA, VENEZUELA
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| 09/04/2010 02:34 AM
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Sept '10- The Dominican Republic continues to have cases among both the local and tourist population, mostly in Punta Cana. In [the Republic of] Georgia 6 tropical malaria cases have been registered to date. India continues to report outbreaks of malaria. Malaria transmission has continued to increase on Mount Kenya; continuing to crop up in the higher altitude areas. In Malaysia thousands of people in villages along the Baram and Silat Rivers are being threatened by an outbreak of malaria. In Mindanao Philippines 43 cases have been reported this year. In Rizal Philippines, which is usually considered a low risk area, about 200 cases and 2 deaths have been reported so far this year. In Limpopo South Africa more that 947 people have been diagnosed with malaria since the start of the rainy season, and numbers are expected to soar. In Venezuela 21,601 cases have been confirmed this year. Tropical malaria manifests with flu-like symptoms and high fever. The CDC is recommending prophylactic anti-malarial medications as well as mosquito repellents containing DEET on exposed skin and Permethrin on outer clothing, mosquito netting and bedding.
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| MAYARO VIRUS DISEASE in VENEZUELA
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| 09/04/2010 02:34 AM
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Sept '10- In the Portuguesa state of Venezuela 77 cases have been reported this year. Mayaro virus disease is transmitted by mosquitos. It is similar to dengue, not fatal, but the consequences of which can last for months. What makes Mayaro fever serious, and the real difference from dengue, is that it can appear with arthritis, causing strong inflammation and joint pain, even to the point of incapacitation in people for up to 6 months. Mayaro virus disease is endemic in humid tropical forests in South America such as those in Trinidad, Surinam, French Guayana, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia and Venezuela.
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| MEASLES in AUSTRALIA, BULGARIA, BURKINA FASO, CAMEROON, CANADA, CHAD, CONGO, FRANCE, GERMANY, GREECE, GUINEA, INDIA, IRELAND, ITALY, LIBERIA, MALAWI, MALI, MAURITANIA, NAMIBIA, NEW ZEALAND, NIGERIA, PHILIPPINES, POLAND, RUSSIA, SENEGAL, SIERRA LEONE, SLOVENIA, SOUTH AFRICA, SPAIN, TAIWAN, YEMEN, ZAMBIA, ZIMBABWE
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| 09/04/2010 02:34 AM
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Sept '10- In Africa more than 1100 deaths have been reported this year with Chad (79 deaths), Nigeria (26 deaths) & Zimbabwe (200 deaths) having had the largest outbreaks. Other countries in Africa that have reported outbreaks this year include Cameroon, DR of Congo, Guinea, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Namibia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa and Zambia. In NSW Australia 7 cases have been reported in recent weeks. In British Columbia Canada 44 cases have been reported this year. Many countries in Europe have had clusters of cases reported, including Bulgaria, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Slovenia and Spain. The following Asian countries have recently reported outbreaks of measles: India, Philippines and Taiwan. Following the outbreak in April 2010 in New Zealand's North Island comes 2 new cases confirmed in Auckland. In Yemen 157 cases have been confirmed this year in Saada Province. Vaccination with MMR is recommended at least 2 weeks prior to traveling to these regions. It is recommended that you receive an adult booster if you haven't had measles and you have only had your childhood immunizations.
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| MENINGITIS in BRAZIL, BURKINA FASO, CANADA, CHAD, GHANA, LATVIA, MEXICO, NIGERIA, RUSSIA, SERBIA, TOGO
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| 09/04/2010 02:34 AM
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Sept '10- In Bahia Brazil 330 cases and 39 deaths have been reported this year. In Burkina Faso 5118 cases and 718 deaths have been reported so far this year. In Alberta Canada 90 cases of viral meningitis have been reported since April 2010. In Southern Chad 517 cases and 56 deaths have been reported since the beginning of this year. In Upperwest Ghana 96 cases and 17 deaths have been reported this year. In Latvia (Southeast) 114 cases have been reported since June 2010. In Mexico (Baja California) more than 20 cases have been reported this year. Nigeria has reported 1500 cases, including 156 deaths so far this year. In Kaliningrad Russia 10 cases have been reported in the past 4 months. In Serbia 80 cases have been reported since June 2010. In Togo 108 cases and 25 deaths have been reported this year. Vaccination prior to travel is recommended for travelers to these areas.
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| MUMPS in CANADA, ENGLAND, GUAM, ISRAEL, MACEDONIA(FYROM), NETHERLANDS, USA
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| 09/04/2010 02:34 AM
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Sept '10- Canada reports 200+ cases in the Fraser Valley. In England (Sussex County) 112 cases have been confirmed this year. In Guam 142 cases have been confirmed since the end of March 2010. In Israel 4185 cases have been confirmed nationally. In Macedonia-FYROM (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) there were 234 cases of mumps reported. In Netherlands 172 cases, among students, have been confirmed since the beginning of this year. In the USA 2106 cases have been reported this year, with 87 percent of those from New York and New Jersey. Mumps is caused by a virus that usually spreads through saliva and can infect many parts of the body, especially the salivary glands. It can lead to inflammation and swelling of the brain and other organs. It can cause deafness and leave men sterile. It is recommended that you receive an adult booster if you haven't had mumps and you have only had your childhood immunizations.
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| OROPOUCHE FEVER in BRAZIL, ECUADOR, PANAMA, PERU, TRINIDAD & TOBAGO
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| 09/04/2010 02:34 AM
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Sept 10'- Outbreaks of the Oropouche fever virus have been described in rural and urban communities of Brazil, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Trinidad and Tobago. In San Martin Peru 282 cases have been reported; 41 of them laboratory-confirmed. Oropouche Fever is transmitted to humans primarily through the bite of a particular fly. Oropouche fever produces symptoms similar to dengue. The onset of symptoms is sudden, usually with a fever, headache, arthralgia, myalgia, chills, sometimes nausea, and persistent vomiting up to 5-7 days.
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| POLIO in AFGHANISTAN, ANGOLA, CHAD, HAITI, INDIA, LIBERIA, MAURITANIA, NIGERIA, PAKISTAN, RUSSIA, SAUDI ARABIA, SENEGAL, TAJIKISTAN
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| 09/04/2010 02:34 AM
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Sept '10- In Afghanistan 10 cases have been reported so far this year. In Angola 17 cases have been reported this year. In Chad 7 cases have been confirmed so far this year. In India 19 cases have been confirmed so far this year. In Liberia 1 case has been confirmed so far this year. In Mauritania 4 cases have been confirmed so far this year. In Nigeria 3 cases have been confirmed this year. In Pakistan 13 cases have been confirmed so far this year. In Russia's Far Eastern Khabarovsk Territory the 1st polio case in the past 30 years has been registered. Saudi Arabia now requires proof of current vaccination for all persons less than 15 years of age entering the country. Adults should receive a one-time polio booster and all children should be current with their vaccinations prior to traveling. In Senegal 13 cases have been confirmed so far this year. In Tajikistan 430 cases and 19 deaths have been confirmed since the beginning of this year.
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| PERTUSSIS in NEW ZEALAND, USA
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| 09/04/2010 02:34 AM
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Sept '10- In Kaikoura, New Zealand 15 cases have been confirmed since the beginning of April 2010. In California 1500 cases have been reported and 6 babies -- all under 3 months of age -- have died from the disease this year. Other states in the USA with cases reported this year are Idaho, Michigan, Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Washington. In the USA, nationally there have been more than 4000 cases of whooping cough this year. Children should be vaccinated against the disease and parents, family members and caregivers of infants need a booster shot.
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| RABIES in ANGOLA, AZERBAIJAN, BRAZIL, CHINA, INDIA, INDONESIA, ISRAEL, PERU, PHILIPPINES, RUSSIA, SRI LANKA, THAILAND, USA
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| 09/04/2010 02:34 AM
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Sept '10- In Angola 580 cases and 4 deaths have been reported this year. In Azerbaijan 1 death has been reported in the Aghdam Region this year. China averages more than 2400 deaths from rabies infections annually. Indonesia (Bali) reports 78 confirmed deaths since the outbreak started in 2008. There is a shortage of vaccine. Consequently, travelers to Bali should vaccinate prior to departure. Otherwise, if bitten, they will need to fly home, or to an Asian center such as Bangkok, Singapore, or Hong Kong to get proper post-exposure treatment. In Israel (Galilee & Golan) 11 cases have been reported since the beginning of this year. In Peru 508 cases and 4 deaths have been confirmed in the Amazon region; all were bitten by vampire bats. In Philippines (Negros Occidental) 1 death has been reported. In Russia about 5000 cases have been reported this year. In Sri Lanka 1 death has been reported this year in Puttalam. In Thailand 13 people have died from rabies so far this year. Travelers to these areas should consider the pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis vaccination series. World wide there are approximately 55,000 deaths per year.
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| RIFT VALLEY FEVER in SAUDI ARABIA, SOUTH AFRICA
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| 09/04/2010 02:34 AM
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Sept '10- In Najran, Saudi Arabia 1 case has been reported. In South Africa 221 cases and 23 deaths have been confirmed this year so far. Most human infections result from contact with the blood or organs of infected animals. It can also be caught from the bites of infected mosquitoes or other flies. All travelers should take appropriate precautions against mosquito bites, such as the use of mosquito nets and insect repellents. Travelers should avoid coming into contact with animal tissues or blood, avoid drinking unpasteurized or uncooked milk or eating raw meat, especially those intending to visit farms and/or game reserves. The virus usually causes relatively mild flu-like symptoms and neck stiffness in people, progressing sometimes to hallucinations, dizziness or even coma. A small percentage of victims develop a hemorrhagic form which causes them to vomit blood, pass blood in feces, or bleed from the nose, gums, or skin. If fever develops within a month after leaving these places, a physician should be visited and made aware of the travel history.
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| SCRUB TYPHUS in INDIA
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| 09/04/2010 02:34 AM
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Sept '10- Scrub typhus, a disease caused by the bites of ticks or mites [usually mites, also called "chiggers"], has claimed 5 lives in Meghalaya India and affected more than 80 people, particularly in the rural areas of the state. Soon after the bite of the mites or ticks, the patients develop fever. The portions where the mites or ticks bite initially become reddish and then change into black spots. It is important to apply repellents containing permethrin and/or deet when in rural areas.
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| TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS in CROATIA, RUSSIA, SWEDEN
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| 09/04/2010 02:34 AM
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Sept '10- In mostly rural areas of Croatia 11 cases have been reported this year. In Russia more than 3000 cases have been reported so far this year. In Vologda Oblast, Russia alone a total of 9 cases have been reported this year. In Central Sweden 9 cases have been reported this year since the end of April. Tick-borne encephalitis is a viral infectious disease affecting the central nervous system. A mild fever can also occur. Travelers should apply tick-repellents and inspect themselves afterwards when spending time in a tick-infested area.
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| TYPHOID FEVER in FIJI, INDIA, INDONESIA, NEPAL, PAKISTAN, UGANDA
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| 09/04/2010 02:34 AM
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Sept '10- In Fiji the typhoid outbreak continues to rise, bringing the total number of cases to 112. In Haryana India cases continue to rise with at least 43 cases in the last week. In Indonesia cases have been on the rise. In Nepal 40 travelers became ill with Typhoid Fever. Pakistan currently experiences an average of 1000 cases per year. Uganda reports 90 cases with 20 deaths in the Kasese area since July '08. Travelers are encouraged by local health officials to get the Typhoid vaccine prior to traveling to these and other endemic regions and to exercise food and water precautions.
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| WEST NILE VIRUS in GREECE, ISRAEL, ROMANIA, RUSSIA
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| 09/04/2010 02:34 AM
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Sept '10- In Greece 150 cases and 11 deaths have been confirmed this year. Cases in Israel continue to spread with 12 cases reported so far. In Russia 206 cases and 6 deaths have been reported since July 2010. In Romania 5 cases and 2 deaths have been reported this year. People over 50 and those with a weakened immune system are more likely to be more seriously affected by West Nile virus. A new study shows that people who have been infected with West Nile virus may have persistent virus in their kidneys for years after initial infection, potentially leading to kidney problems.
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| YELLOW FEVER in CAMEROON, CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC, CONGO DR, COTE D'IVOIRE
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| 09/04/2010 02:34 AM
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Sept '10- In Cameroon 3 cases of yellow fever in Banjoun and Fantun districts of the country's Western Region have been reported this year. Central African Republic [CAR] have reported 4 suspected cases of yellow fever, including 3 deaths. In Democratic Republic of Congo 12 cases and 2 deaths have been reported this year. In Cote d'Ivoire at least 23 deaths have been reported since the disease was detected in November 2009. The WHO and Ivorian authorities have declared an epidemic in the Denguele region (in the far north, bordering on Mali) with 36 suspected cases and 19 deaths. Yellow Fever is a mosquito born disease found in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Amazon region of South America. This disease can be prevented with vaccination.
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